Nineteen Eighty - Four Test Response Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four

Nineteen Eighty - Four Test Response Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four Nineteen Eighty - Four Test Response Nineteen Eighty - Four TEST RESPONSE: TOPIC THREE (3) In the appendix of Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell warns against the enormous power a regime can hold once it has control of the language. Winston, on the other hand, believes he is free as long as he can hold on the mathematical axiom, 2+2=4. Unfortunately, Winston grossly underestimates the sheer power held be Oceanias totalitarian regime. With the Inner Party at the helm, Oceanian society has been deliberately drawn down to a deep, inescapable socioeconomic morass, with Party exercising its conscious aim of nurturing a state of unfreedom and inequality. Having learnt a great deal from totalitarian regimes that had failed in the past, the Inner Party became a small ruling group that was determined to create a societal structure that would ensure the Party maintained a permanent stronghold over Oceania and its people. Unlike their predecessors, the Inner Party was comprised of people who were less avaricious, less tempted by luxury, hungrier for pure power, and above all, more conscious of what they were doing and more intent on crushing opposition. From this steely resolve of the Inner Party to be the eternal guardians of power in Oceania stems the wide and varied sources of truth and power held be the totalitarian regime. Collectively, these sources present a frightening combination that, fundamentally, serves to destroy the essence of the human spirit and to ensure the ruling group an endless reign of power. As Orwell details in the appendix of the novel, control over language is one of the major sources of truth and power held by Oceanias totalitarian regime. The introduction and steady implementation of Newspeak as the language of choice for Party members, meant that the Party effectively assumed control of the boundaries of human expression and thought. The elimination of words and phrases considered unfavourable to the Party and its ideals made it extremely difficult to express conflicting or derogatory views towards the Party. And, with this suppression of free thought through language, the Party is also able to eliminate unwanted ideas, emotions, and ideals associated with those words. The embodiment of the slogan Ignorance is Strength is another source of power for the totalitarian regime in Oceania. The Party exploits the basic idea that ignorant people are content people; simply because they have no standard of comparison. Although life is far from rosy for members of the Outer Party, they are, nevertheless, satisfied with their existence. Primary reasons for this are that Party members are led to believe that standards of living are constantly improving, and that their cooperation is imperative for the continual war effort to succeed. Thus, the Party achieves an assurance to their stronghold over members by eliminating feelings of dissent and dissatisfaction towards the Party with imposition of obligation. Another unmistakable source of power for the Inner Party is their thorough and seemingly infallible surveillance and compliance network, comprised of the Thought Police, omnipresent telescreens, Youth League Spies and the mutual fear of the consequences of unorthodoxy, which virtually ensures widespread conformity. And, since the party has comprehensive control of the present, they also have an equally extensive control over the past, and thus truth. All historical records and print media is endlessly fabricated and tailored to conform with the Partys current position, further enhancing the Partys power over the people. Another important source of power for the ruling group is war. In becoming continuous, war has ceased to exist in Oceanian society. And, as it consumes the products of human labour that would otherwise be used to increase the standard of living for Outer Party members, war ensures the permanence of the current order in Oceania. The abolition of interpersonal relationships, the destruction of family, and the removal of all endearing emotion from the sexual act left widespread insecurity, which the Party exploits to nurture a mutual emotional attachment to Big Brother. However, none of the aforementioned ploys of Oceanias totalitarian regime would be possible without the indoctrination of Party members with the skills of doublethink and crimestop. Particularly doublethink, which renders Party members infinitely malleable to the will of the Party, thus ensuring that the Partys goal of permanent power seems infallible.

Black Holes Essays (1293 words) - Black Holes, Event Horizon

Black Holes Everyday we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp. Within this marvel of wonders our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever clandestine, black hole. This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole is generally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a look at the basis for the cause of a black hole. All black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having a great, massive, core. A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed. This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The gravitational pull from the core of the star is equal to the gravitational pull of the gases forming a type of orbit, however when this equality is broken the star can go into several different stages. Usually if the star is small in mass, most of the gases will be consumed while some of it escapes. This occurs because there is not a tremendous gravitational pull upon those gases and therefore the star weakens and becomes smaller. It is then referred to as a White Dwarf. If the star was to have a larger mass however, then it may possibly Supernova, meaning that the nuclear fusion within the star simply goes out of control causing the star to explode. After exploding a fraction of the star is usually left (if it has not turned into pure gas) and that fraction of the star is known as a neutron star. A black hole is one of the last option that a star may take. If the core of the star is so massive (approximately 6-8 solar masses; one solar mass being equal to the sun's mass) then it is most likely that when the star's gases are almost consumed those gases will collapse inward, forced into the core by the gravitational force laid upon them. After a black hole is created, the gravitational force continues to pull in space debris and other type of matters to help add to the mass of the core, making the hole stronger and more powerful. Most black holes tend to be in a consistent spinning motion. This motion absorbs various matter and spins it within the ring (known as the Event Horizon) that is formed around the black hole. The matter keeps within the Event Horizon until it has spun into the centre where it is concentrated within the core adding to the mass. Such spinning black holes are known as Kerr Black Holes. Most black holes orbit around stars due to the fact that they once were a star, and this may cause some problems for the neighboring stars. If a black hole gets powerful enough it may actually pull a star into it and disrupt the orbit of many other stars. The black hole could then grow even stronger (from the star's mass) as to possibly absorb another. When a black hole absorbs a star, the star is first pulled into the Ergosphere, which sweeps all the matter into the Event Horizon, named for it's flat horizontal

FASBs Current Exposure on Revenue Recognition Essay

FASBs Current Exposure on Revenue Recognition - Essay Example The entities will change their revenue recognition policy since the proposed amendment will actually supersede the current revenue recognition of GAAP and also the IFRSs guides in IASs 11 and 18. It is true with the new proposed guidelines that some entities will be more affected than others and the main areas which the board have identified so far include; whether the recognition of that revenue is fully based on the transfer of goods in question or the service like construction services, customized software’s or in the manufacturing areas. The companies will also be required to identify the performance separate duty either by dividing the given contract into parts which are actually distinct and can be delivered at different times, this can make an entity to separate the contract and account for it in a different way as the current accounting practices. The companies will also be required to analyze the intellectual property whether it is less than the actual economic value of the property that is the license is being granted in a non-exclusive or exclusive basis in this case the company will be required to recognize the revenue in terms of the license term, and this will actually be different with the current practices of revenue recognition. The issue on how the credit risk is evaluated is actually contradicting with the current rules and practices and this will have the effect on the credit risk of the customers and the collectability period this will, in turn, affect the number of revenues recognized by an entity rather than when to recognize such revenue. The companies will also be required to use estimates in calculating the transaction price of a commodity unlike the current rigid rules in following of the rules and standards in coming up with the commodity price. The new guidelines also give details on how to account for the cost of contract services, the new proposal, unlike the current guidelines, gives or specify the contract parts to be classified as expenses and the cost to be capitalized.

How does past worldwide exhibitions influence present exhibitions Essay

How does past worldwide exhibitions influence present exhibitions Using case studies of The Great Exhibition 1851, The Mille - Essay Example When looking at defined ideas within the architecture, there is the ability to identify with a variety of approaches which are a part of the exhibitions. When comparing the Great Exhibition of 1851 to the Millennium Dome 2000 and the Shanghai World Expo 2010, direct relationships are seen with the approach. This is based on the purpose, reason and benefits of each exhibition. This is also a part of the architecture and design that is developed, specifically which states a specific message relating to the architectural designs and approaches. This paper will examine the differences and similarities of each as well as how they have held similar approaches in the development of the architectural principles. The Great Exhibition of 1851 The Great Exhibition of 1851, also referred to as the Crystal Palace Exhibition, took place in London in May of 1851. The idea was based on creating a temporary structure that combined the cultural and industrial changes of the time. The main features of the exhibition were based on having a highlight to modern approaches to industry and design, specifically as a response to the French Industrial Exposition of 1844. The motive was to make a statement that Britain was a leader in the concepts of industry and culture and had superior achievements to others that were a part of the changes into modernism during this specific time frame. The exhibition was formed over a period of 10 days by Joseph Paxton, specifically which was designed as a glass house or green house that stood 1851 feet long and 454 feet wide. The cost to build the exhibit was 500,000 but made a surplus of 16,190,000 pounds as of 2012. The price of admission ranged, dependent on the status of the individual, ranging from three guineas to five shillings. The opening day held 2,500 people as a part of the exhibition with 1/3 of the population, or six million people, going to the final exhibition (Victorian Station, 2001:1). The basis of the Crystal Palace provided a vari ety of benefits to London and to the holding of the exhibition. The Great Exhibition is now recognized as one of the best world exhibits that was made, specifically which allowed the UK to become recognized as a world leader. The benefits furthered with noting the industrial and technological movements which were in society. The innovations which were added had displays of how different pieces of machinery and other operations were conducted. Those who were visiting the exhibition were able to take part in a deeper understanding of the movement forward with technology and how this was creating an alteration into society at the time. This was furthered with the openness to the cultural relations, art and architecture that was displayed and the music, cultural performances and political recognition which were associated with the exhibition. Each of these were able to influence and create interest within society based on the variety of shows which were held and how this was leading the innovation as well as the various concepts within the historical moments. The interest which this gathered and the approaches which were taken to gain this recognition then allowed the doors of the UK to open into cultural relations, recognition with the technology and responses which were noted from the surrounding society (Victoria Station, 2001:1). An important component with the Great Exhibition was based on the design and architecture which was used in developing the correct approach to the exhibit.

Art Relationship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art Relationship - Assignment Example The Pont-Neuf also took about 10 years to create, The Umbrellas took about 7 years to create and the Running Fence took about 5 years to be realized (Adrian, 163). Christo and Jeanne-Claude were different from artists that hurriedly created their sculptures as the couple took their time to get the photographs of their intended sculptures, before eventually developing them. This shows the relationship between time, sculpture and photography in the work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude (Adrian, 163). Christo and Jeanne-Claude created great sculptures that took them years to plan and this is the importance of time in their work. The artists took photographs of the drafts of their intended sculpture and this usually took time. It should be noted that it was the amount of time that was devoted to their work that made the sculptures of Christo and Jeanne-Claude so great. Christo and Jeanne-Claude used the money they made from the drawings and photographs of their works to raise money to develo p their sculptures and this was one of the reasons that their work too time to be developed. This further shows the relationship between time, photography and sculpture in the works of Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Work Cited Adrian, Henri. Total Art. New York: Praeger, 1974

Analysis of Globalisations Effect on China

Analysis of Globalisations Effect on China Globalization†, a term developed for common usage in the 1980s to represent the progressing motion or movement between nations, intellect and wisdom, trades and money across the continent that has led to growth of interdependent behavior among themselves, economically, politically, socially and culturally. Though when mentioning the word â€Å"Globalization†, it is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic and technological factor. According to a paper written by Brandon Levy (2012), he explained that, â€Å"Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries. The prosperous economic development that is typically gained because of the increased interconnectedness among countries usually results in a better standard of living, and an overall improved quality of life. The successful economic development of a nation hinges on its ability to globalize. Given that the international integration of national economies has such a profound effect, globalization plays a central role in determining the future of the world.† While globalization, to many, provides a sign of supremacy as having the key to make societies prosperous through trade, at the same time sharing their intelligence and education proficiency to people around the world, there are still numerous populations who perceives globalization as the root of the global problem where some who are well-off and educated are exploiting the needy through different means and tactics throwing more chaos into the situation as we know it, and also as a threat that accelerated modernization might eventually harm the conventional cultures they have practiced before globalization took over. So does globalization create a negative or positive impact on the world? An example of world’s leaders believes that globalization and capitalism is the best cure for solving conflict. According to a speech by ex-leader of WTO, Pascal Lamy (2004), â€Å"For the fact is that globalization is currently a two sided coin: one bright, the other excessively dark. The bright side is important. Globalization can bring spectacular success – like the 200 million people lifted our of poverty in China since 1990, a single fact which alone makes it possible to envisage the Millennium Development Goal of halving world poverty. † (P.1), He believes that globalization might have its dark side of the coin but through it, the conflict that comes together with globalization will be contained. He also concluded that the WTO and the Doha negotiations can be an effective tool in harnessing globalization in the interests of all, and combating thee darker side of the moon†¦ Another example, Robert E. Litan explained that, â€Å"In the end, we cannot avoid the challenge of globalization. Meeting it through unilateralism or one worldism is likely both to destabilize the world economy and slow improvements in living standards at home and abroad. Instead we should embrace the opportunities that globalization affords, ease the anxieties it generates, and reform and strengthen the international economic institutions created to promote both global economic stability and growth.† The author of the article leans towards the idea of globalization with how it can be controlled and stabilized through work and an amount of time, with very little discontent for the matter. The growing rivalry between China and Japan could serves as an example that globalization does indeed, do not help solve feuds between countries that are involved in economic globalization terms. Bitter history of the bloodthirsty invasion of China in 1937 by japan took place which only ended in year 1945, relation between either countries has not improved. The famous incident that appeared on headlines stories over the claim of the Senkaku island (known as in japan) also called â€Å"Diaoyu Dao† (name in China) goes on to this day even with their economic terms, where both countries argues with their part of the stories for their right of ownership over the island located in the south China sea. Due to the fact that the island being near important shipping lanes offering rich fishing grounds and lies near potential oil and gas reserves, also located in a strategic position amid rising competition of the US and China for military domination in the Asia-Pacific region. Against this background, a difference of opinion over five desolated islands and three barren rocks has become progressively provocative. China regards the â€Å"nationalization† of what it calls the Diaoyu islands by the Japanese in 2012 as a severe threat and will do everything that is necessary to defend its jurisdiction. Japan, meanwhile, which calls the territory the Senkaku islands, displaying its version of defense by broadening the area of patrol over the islands with countless warships and planes and plans to try to involve the participation of the US to their side against the matter. With China growing in power and influence due to globalization, as like any other empire in the past, as its power grows, that power is ineluctably projected to surround immediate neighboring countries and, in time, geographical regions and even whole continents. With this imbalanced strength in the area of Asia, China’s growing eagerness to throw its weight around has put other neighboring countries on brink and triggered them to seek U.S. assistance, the only possible means that can keep China in-check as an equal or more. Beginning from the year of 2010, China constantly fueled the concerns of its neighbors with unending, disturbing diplomatic and military moves, including their eye catching dispute currently still ongoing on the South China Sea, where it is believed that profitable resources are hidden but more importantly, the routes commercial ships passes through are located in the area. This region has sparked countless conflicts between countries nearby with different parts occupied by one another. Nonetheless, China claimed the largest portion over the South China Sea, an area that encircles the South China Sea district like a U-shaped section. Through globalization, China has gained immense power through a period of time and is gradually getting carried away with its actions. In cases where if the U.S. is unable to provide assurance to China’s neighboring countries, situations may turn the other way round and most likely gone aggressive, which will in time become a reality if no further actions are taken. With this in mind, I do think that globalization has more negative effects than positive due to the amount of imbalance the world is facing at this point of time, where countries are flourishing in their wealth and others that couldn’t keep up the pace has fallen right to the bottom of the â€Å"food chain†. Word count : 1068 References The Role of â€Å"Globalization† in Economic  Development,  Brandon Levy, University of Houston  (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2233648) Globalization and Trade : How to make sure there is space for development?  Speech by Pascal Lamy, Sophia University, Tokyo  (http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_1999_2004/lamy/speeches_articles/spla232_en.htm) The â€Å"Globalization† Challenge: The U.S. Role in Shaping World Trade and Investment  Article by Robert E. Litan  Senior fellow in Economic Studies, Brookings  http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/03/spring-globaleconomics-litan How uninhabited islands soured China-Japan ties  http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11341139 China and Japan on the brink of Third World War  Article written by Hilary Douglas  http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/462565/China-and-Japan-on-the-brink-of-Third-World-War Obama heads to Asia with sharp focus on China’s growing power  Article written by David Nakamura and William Wan  http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/obama-heads-to-asia-with-sharp-focus-on-Chinas-growing-power/2011/11/10/gIQAOsQkBN_story.html

The Gap Inc Essays -- Business and Management Studies

The Gap Inc 1. Case Summary The Gap, Inc is a chain of retail stores that sell casual apparel, shoes, and accessories for men, woman and children. Headquarter in San Francisco; the stores operate under a variety of names including: Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy Clothing Company, Gap Kids, and baby Gap. All merchandise sold by chain is private label. The Gap was founded in 1969 when Donald Fisher and his wife, Doris opened a small clothing store near San Francisco State University. By 1971 they were operating six Gap stores. In 1995, Fisher retired as CEO and Drexler, now age 50, took over the title. The Gap contracted with over 500 manufacturers around the world that made the companies private label apparel according to Gap specifications. Gap, Inc purchased about 30 % of its cloth from manufacturer located in United State and 70% from vendor located in 46 foreign countries. No single supplier provided more than 5 % of its merchandise. In the wake of concern over third world working conditions, the Gap also adopted a set of sourcing principle and guideline. This provide standard that the vendors had to meet including: engage in no form of discrimination, used no forced or prison labor, employee no children under 14 years of age, provide a safe working environment for employees, pay the legal minimum weight of the local industry standard- whichever is greater. The Gap’s supplier should also meet all applicable local environmental regulation, and comply with the Gap own more stringent environmental standards, neither threaten nor penalize employees for their efforts to organize or bargain collectively and uphold local custom laws. To ensure compliance with its standards, the Gap sends a Gap Field Representative to conduct in-depth interview with a prospective supplier prior to the initiation of a business relationship. The Gap supplier in Salvador, run by Mandarin International, Taiwanese-owned Company that operated apparel assembly plants around the world. The Gap had begun contracting with Mandarin plants in El Salvador in 1992. A worker there was paid approximately 12 cents for assembling a Gap three-quarter sleeves t-shirt or turtle neck, which retailed at about $20 in the United States. Wages at the Mandarin plants averaged 56 cents an hour-a level that was claimed to provide only 80% of the amount neede... ...arin employee who make Gap product. - The Gap should make sure the entire supplier fulfills its sourcing principle and guidelines. The supplier which doesn’t implemented the entire Gap standard and the local government standard, the Gap should avoid doing business with them. - Mandarin International done unethical business by not allowing their employee to make union (fired all the union members) and all the unethical behavior toward the employee. Recommendation - The Gap should choose their supplier carefully and maximize the Gap field representative by put an eyes and do the regular inspection not only when they start the business but always monitoring the working and social condition of the supplier to comply with the Gap code of conduct and also the local government laws. - The Gap representative officer should do the interview without being known by the Mandarin International, so the employee would be freely to speak about what really happened in the factory. - The Gap should give more effort to increase the quality of live their supplier employee which usually in the third world by giving education or other benefit.